What type of data can be represented as numbers and allows for analysis, such as demographics or income levels?

The correct answer is quantitative data. This type of data is defined by its ability to be measured and expressed numerically, which makes it suitable for statistical analysis. Quantitative data includes variables that can be quantified, such as demographics (e.g., age, gender) and income levels, allowing researchers to perform calculations, create graphs, and identify trends.

Quantitative data is often categorized into two types: discrete and continuous. Discrete data consists of distinct, separate values that cannot be subdivided (like the number of people), whereas continuous data can take on any value within a range (like height or weight). While both discrete and continuous forms are under the broader umbrella of quantitative data, the overarching category encompasses all types of numerical input, thus making it the best choice in this context.

Qualitative data, on the other hand, relates to non-numeric information that describes qualities or characteristics, making it unsuitable to analyze with numerical methods.